Induced Abortion as a Contributing Factor In Maternal Mortality or Pregnancy-Related Death in Women
Thomas W. Strahan, J.D., Editor

Endnotes

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2Guidelines for Women’s Health Care, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Washington, D.C (1996) p. 128 [Back]

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7. Communication dated June 5, 1987 from Stephen Joseph, MD, MPH, “Commissioner of Health of the City of New York to All Gynecologists, Anesthesiologists, Administrators and Others Concerned With the Pro vision of Abortion Services in Sherlock”, Victims of Choice, Kevin Brennyman Books: Akron, Ohio (1996) p. 166-167 [Back]

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11. Berg, C.J. et al., op. cit. [Back]

12. Iyasau, S. et al. “The epidemiology of placenta previa in the United States, 1979 through 1987”, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 168:1414, 1993 [Back]

13. Bartlett, J. M. et al. “Induced abortion, A risk factor for placenta previa”, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 141:769,1981 [Back]

14. Lavery, J. P. “Placenta Previa”, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 33:414, 1990 [Back]

15. Rose, G. L., Chapman, M. G. “Aetiological factors in placenta previa - a case controlled study”, Br. J Obstet Gvnaecol, 93: 586, June, 1986 [Back]

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17. Taylor, V. M. et al. “Placenta Previa in Relation to Induced and Spontaneous Abortion: A Population-Based Study”, Obstet. Gynecol. 82- 88,1993 [Back]

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19. Stones, R. W. et al. “Risk factors for major obstetric hemorrhage”, European J. Obstet Gynaecol. and Reprod. Biol., 48:15, 1993 [Back]

20. Lopes, A., King, P. A. et al. “The Impact of Multiple Induced Abortions on the Outcome of Subsequent Pregnancy”, Aust. NZ J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 31(1): 41,1991 [Back]

21. Obel, E. B. “Pregnancy Complications Following Legally Induced Abortion”, Acta Obstet. Gynecol Scand. 58:485, 1979 [Back]

22. Hall, M. H. et al. “Concomitant and repeated happenings of complications of the third stage of labour”, Br.J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 92:732, July, 1985 [Back]

23. Knab, D. R. Abruptio placentae: an assessment of the time and method of delivery, “Obstet. Gynecol.”, 52:625, 1978 [Back]

24. Berg, C.J. et al., op. cit. [Back]

25. Williams, M. A. et al. “Risk Factors for Abruptio Placentae”, Am. J. Epidemiol. 134: 965,1991 [Back]

26. Sibai, B. M. et al. “Pregnancy outcome after eclampsia and long-term prognosis”, Am J. Obstet Gynecol, 166:1757,1992 [Back]

27. Berg, C.J. et al., op. cit. [Back]

28. Schuchat, A. et al. “Multistate case-control study of maternal risk factors for neonatal Group B streptococcal disease”, Pediatr Infect Dis. J. 13: 623, 1994 [Back]

29. Keller, O., Eikholm, S. M. “Late Sequelae of Induced Abortion in Primigravidae”, Acta Obstet Gvnecol Scand. 56: 311, 1977 [Back]

30. Lembrych, S., op. cit.; Pfuller, B., Bollmann, R., op. cit. [Back]

31. Evaldson, G. et al. “Premature Rupture of the Membranes”, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 59: 385,1980 [Back]

32. Germain, M., Krohn, M. A., Daling, J. R. “Reproductive history and the risk of neonatal sepsis”, Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 9:48, 1995 [Back]

33. Sturchler, D., Menegaz, F., Daling, J. R. “Reproductive History and Intrapartum Fever”, Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 21:182, 1986 [Back]

34. Sawaya, G. F. et al. “Antibiotics at the Time of Induced Abortion: The Case for Universal Prophylaxis Based on a Meta-Analysis”, Obstet Gynecol 87: 884, 1996 [Back]

35. Faro, S., M Pearlman, M. Infections And Abortion, (1992) p. 73-74 [Back]

36. Hillis, S. D., et al., “Delayed Care of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease as a Risk Factor for Impaired Fertility”, Am. J. Obstet Gynecol 168:1503, 1993 [Back]

37. Park, T-K. et al. “Preventing febrile complications of suction curettage abortion”, Am J. Obstet Gynecol 152:252, 1985; Levallois, P., Rioux, J.E. “Prophylactic antibiotics for suction curettage abortion: Results of a clinical controlled trial”, Am Obstet Gynecol 158:100, 1988; Darj, E. et al. “The Prophylactic Effect of Doxycycline on Postoperative Infection Rate After First Trimester Abortion”, Obstet Gynecol 70:755,1987; Sorensen, J. L., Thranov, I. “A double blind randomized study of the effect of erythromycin in preventing pelvic inflammatory disease after first trimester abortion”, Br. J Obstet Gynaecol 99: 434,1992 [Back]

38. “Abortion Surveillance: Preliminary Data - US.”, 1993 MMWR 45 (11): 235, March 22,1996 [Back]

39. B Stray-Pedersen, B. et al. “Induced Abortion: Microbiological Screening and Medical Complications”, Infection 19 (5): 305, 1991 [Back]

40. Schuchat, A. et al., op. cit. [Back]

41. Eschenbach, D.A. “Bacterial Vaginosis and Anaerobes in Obstetric Gynecologic Infection”, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 16 (Suppl 4): S282, 1993 [Back]

42. Berg, C.J. et al. [Back]

43. MT Mandelson, M. T. et al. “Low Birth Weight in Relation to Multiple Induced Abortions”, Am J. Public Health 82(3): 391, March 1992 [Back]

44. Meirik, O. et al. “Outcome of First Delivery After Second Trimester Two Staged Induced Abortion: A Controlled Historical Cohort Study”, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 63(1): 45, 1984 [Back]

45. Obel, E. B. “Pregnancy complications following legally induced abortion: An analysis of the population with special reference to prematurity”, Danish Medical Bulletin, 26: 192, 1979 [Back]

46. Kumar, R., Robson, K. “Previous induced abortion and ante-natal depression in primipare: preliminary report of a survey of mental health in pregnancy”, Psychological Medicine, 8: 711, 1978 [Back]

47. Bradley, C. F. “Abortion and Subsequent Pregnancy”, Canadian J Psychiatry 29: 494, Oct 1984 [Back]

48. Abiodum, O. A. et al. “Psychiatric Morbidity in a Pregnant Population in Nigeria”, General Hospital Psychiatry 15: 125, 1993 [Back]

49. Zuckerman, B. et al. “Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Relationship to poor health behaviors”, Am J. Obstet Gynecol 160:1107, 1989 [Back]

50. Naeye, R. L. “Abruptio Placentae and Placenta Previa: Frequency, Perinatal Mortality, and Cigarette Smoking”, Obstet Gynecol 55(6): 701, June, 1980 [Back]

51. Williams, M. A. et al. “Cigarette smoking during pregnancy in relation to placenta previa”, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 165: 28, 1991 [Back]

52. Plant, Moria Women, Drinking And Pregnancy, London: Tavistock Pub. (1985) [Back]

53. Frank, D. A. et al. “Cocaine Use During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Correlates”, Pedriatics, 82(6): 888, Dec. 1988 [Back]

54. Keith, L. G. et al. “Substance Abuse in Pregnant Women: Recent Experience at the Perinatal Center for Chemical Dependence of Northwestern Memorial Hospital”, Obstet Gynecol 73: 715, 1989; Oro, A. S., Dixon, S. D. “Perinatal Cocaine and Methamphetamine Exposure: Maternal and Neonatal Correlates”, J. of Pediatrics, III: 571, 1987 [Back]

55. Grimes, D., Schulz, K. F. “Morbidity and Mortality from Second-Trimester Abortions”, J. Reproductive Medicine 30(7): 505, July 1985 [Back]

56. Gissler, M. et al. “Suicides after pregnancy in Finland, 1987-94: register linkage study”, British Medical Journal 313:1431, Dec. 7,1996 [Back]

57. David, H. et al. “Postpartum and Post-Abortion Psychotic Reactions”, Family Planning Perspectives 13(2): 88, March/April, 1981; Somers, R. “Risk of Admission to Psychiatric Institutions Among Danish Women who Experience Induced Abortion: An Analysis Based on National Record Linkage”, Dissertation Abstracts Intl., 1979, p.2621-B [Back]

58. Jansson, B. “Mental Disorders After Abortion”, Acta Psychiatrica Scand 41: 87, 1965 [Back]

59. Koperschmitt, J. et al. Suicide and/or abortion. “20th Meeting of the Group for Suicide Research and Prevention: The body and suicide”, Psychologie Medicale 21(4): 446, March 1989 [Back]

60Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1996, 116th Edition, no. 131 U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Oct. 1996 [Back]

61. Koonin, L. M. et al. “Maternal Mortality Surveillance, United States, 1979-1986”, MMWR 40. No.SS-1: 1-11, June 1991 [Back]

62. Berg, C.J. et al., op. cit. [Back]

63. “Ectopic Pregnancy-United States, 1990-1992” MMWR 44/No3: 46, January 27,1995 [Back]

64. Berg, C.J. et al., op. cit. [Back]

65. Atrash, H. K. et al. “Ectopic pregnancy concurrent with induced abortion: Incidence and mortality”, Am J Obstet Gynecol 162: 726, 1990 [Back]

66. Parazzini et al. “Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: An Italian Case-Control Study”, F Obstet Gynecol, 80-821, 1992 [Back]

67. Marchbanks, P. A. et al. “Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy. A Population-Based Study”, JAMA 259:1823, 1988 [Back]

68. Chung, C. S. et al. “Induced Abortion and Ectopic Pregnancy in Subsequent Pregnancies”, Am J Epidemiology 115(6): 879, 1982 [Back]

69. Levin, A. et al. “Ectopic Pregnancy and Prior Induced Abortion”, Am. J Public Health 72(3): 253, March 1982 [Back]

70. Daling, J. R. et al. “Ectopic Pregnancy in Relation to Previous Induced Abortion”, JAMA 253(7): 1005, Feb 15, 1985 [Back]

71. Parazzini, F. et al. “Induced abortions and risk of ectopic pregnancy”, Human Reproduction 10(7): 1841, 1995 [Back]

72. Henshaw, S. K., Kost, K. “Abortion Patients in 1994-1995: Characteristics and Contraceptive Use”, Family Planning Perspectives, 28(4): 140, July/Aug 1996 [Back]

73. Duley, Lelia “Maternal mortality associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean”, Br. J. Obstet Gynaecol 99: 547, July 1992 [Back]

74. Berg, C. J. et al., op. cit. [Back]

75. Savitz, D. A., Zhang, J. “Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in North Carolina, 1988 and 1989”, Am J Public Health 82(5): 675, 1992 [Back]

76. Campbell, D. M., MacGillivray, I., Carr-Hill, R. “Pre-eclampsia in second pregnancy”, Br. J Obstet Gynaecol 92: 131, February, 1985 [Back]

77. Ibid [Back]

78. MacGillivray, I. “Some Observations on the Incidence of Pre-eclampsia”, J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 65: 536, 1958 [Back]

79. Eskenazi, B. et al. “A Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia”, JAMA 266: 237, 1991 [Back]

80. Strickland, D. M. “The relationship between abortion in the first pregnancy and development of pregnancy-induced hypertension in the pregnancy”, Am. J. Obstet Gynaecol 154:146, 1986 [Back]

81. Abi-Said, D. et al. “Case-Control Study of the Risk Factors for Eclampsia”, Am J Epidemiology 142: 437, 1995 [Back]

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