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Condoms, STD, Teenagers, and International Case Studies Showing Condom Ineffectiveness Against HIV/AIDS

Endnotes

1 Lee Warner, Ph.D., M.P.H., Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., and Markus J. Steiner, Ph.D. "Male Condoms." Chapter 16 in Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., et.al. Contraceptive Technology (18th Revised Edition). New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 2004. [Back]

2 Ibid., page 334. [Back]

3 Richard Gordon. "A Critical Review of the Physics and Statistics of Condoms and Their Role in Individual Versus Societal Survival of the AIDS Epidemic." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, Spring 1989 [Volume 15, number 1], pages 5 to 30. [Back]

4 M. Steiner, R. Flodesy, D. Cole and E.Carter. Contraception 46, 279 [1992]; C.M. Roland. "The Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The Technical Service Magazine for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number 3]. [Back]

5 William B. Vesey. "Condom Failure." Human Life International Reports, July 1991, pages 1 to 3. [Back]

6 Condom usage guides list anywhere from ten to sixteen steps involved in using condoms. One article in the American Journal of Public Health says primly; "Condoms are not 100% efficacious and a high degree of individual compliance is required for condoms to be effective in use" [William L. Roper, M.D., M.P.H., Herbert B. Peterson, M.D., and James W. Curran, M.D., M.P.H. "Commentary: Condoms and HIV/STD Prevention -- Clarifying the Message." American Journal of Public Health, April 1993 [Volume 83, Number 4], pages 501 to 503]. [Back]

7 Helen Singer-Kaplan. The Real Truth about Women and AIDS. Simon & Schuster, 1987. [Back]

8 All of these studies are listed in Robert A.Hatcher, et. al. Contraceptive Technology (17th Revised Edition) [New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 1998]. Table 16-3, "Prospective Studies of Condom Breakage and Slippage," pages 330 to 332. The Table refers to the following studies, as listed above. All studies refer to vaginal intercourse only.

1. Nevada -- Study of Nevada Brothel Prostitutes. A.E. Albert, D.L. Warner, R.A Hatcher, J. Trussell, and C. Bennett. "Condom Use Among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Nevada's Legal Brothels." American Journal of Public Health, 1995;85:1,514-1,520.
2. United States #1 -- Study of Monogamous American Couples. M.J. Rosenberg and M.S Waugh. "Latex Condom Breakage and Slippage in a Controlled Clinical Trial." Contraception, 1997;56:17.21 (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
3. United States #2 -- U.S. Clinical Research Participants. M.A. Leeper and M. Conrardy. "Preliminary Evaluation of REALITY, a Condom for Women to Wear." Advances in Contraception 1989;5:229-235.
4. Sydney, Australia -- Study of Sydney Female Prostitutes. J. Richters, B. Donovan, J. Gerofi and L. Watson. "Low Condom Breakage Rate in Commercial Sex" [letter]. Lancet 1988;2:1,487-1,488. Correction by John Gerofi in personal communication to Philip Kestelman, July 1989.
5. Atlanta, Georgia #1 -- Study of Atlanta Family Planning Recruits. J. Trussel, D.L. Warner and R.A. Hatcher. "Condom Performance During Vaginal Intercourse: Comparison of Trojan-Enz and Tactylon Condoms." Contraception 1992;45:11-19.
6. Atlanta, Georgia #2 -- Study of Atlanta Family Planning Recruits. J. Trussel, D.L. Warner and R.A. Hatcher. "Condom Slippage and Breakage Rates." Family Planning Perspectives 1992;24:20-23 (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted; slippage rate recalculated from original article and reflects condoms that fell off or slipped down during intercourse or withdrawal).
7. California #1 -- Study of Southern California Monogamous Couples. A. Nelson, G.S. Bernstein, R. Frezieres, T. Walsh, V. Clark and A. Coulson. "A Study of the Efficacy, Acceptability and Safety of a Non-Latex (Polyurethane) Male Condom; Revised Final Report (N01-HD-1-3109). Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, September 15, 1997 (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
8. California #2 -- Study of Southern California Monogamous Couples. A. Nelson, R. Frezieres, T. Walsh, V. Clark and A. Coulson. "A Controlled Randomized Evaluation of a Commercially Available Polyurethane and Latex Condom (Avanti Versus Ramses Sensitol): Final Report (N01- HD-1-3109). Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, November 6, 1996 (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
9. North Carolina #1 -- Study of North Carolina Monogamous Couples (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted; among new condoms used with either no additional lubricant or water-based lubricant, rates recalculated from the original article).
10. North Carolina #2 -- Study of North Carolina Monogamous Couples (breakage rates ranged from 3.5% for a new lot to 18.6% for an 81-month old lot).
11. North Carolina #3 -- Study of North Carolina Monogamous Couples (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted).
12. North Carolina #4 -- Study of North Carolina Couples Recruited by Mail.
13. North Carolina #5 -- Study of North Carolina Local Recruits.
14. Denmark -- Study of Denmark Female Prostitutes and Male and Female Hospital Staff.
15. New Zealand -- Study of New Zealand Male and Female Family Planning Clinic Clients (events of breakage and slippage were unambiguously not double counted).

In another major study, the nation's most trusted consumer's advocacy group, the Consumer's Union (CU), interviewed 3,300 of its readers in order to determine the effectiveness of condoms at preventing conception and disease. CU also mechanically tested 16,000 condoms of 37 different varieties and brands. It published the results of its studies in the March 1989 issue of Consumer Reports. About one-fourth of the Consumer Union's readers reported at least one instance of condom breakage in a one-year period, and about one in eight experienced two or more incidents of breakage in one year. Using these and other data, CU estimated that an average of one condom in 165 broke during heterosexual intercourse, and about one in 105 broke during anal intercourse. This failure rate was much lower than that produced by most other studies. The results of this study were not included in this Chapter because CU relied heavily on self-reporting, which is inherently unreliable ["Can You Rely on Condoms?" Consumer Reports, March 1989, pages 135 to 141].

Other studies do not reply on self-reporting, but rigorously document all procedures. One such study found that 15.1% of 405 condoms broke or slipped off [James Trussell, David Lee Warner and Robert A. Hatcher. "Condom Slippage and Breakage Rates." Family Planning Perspectives [Alan Guttmacher Institute], January/February 1992 [Volume 24, Number 1], pages 20 to 23]. [Back]

9 Lee Warner, Ph.D., M.P.H., Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., and Markus J. Steiner, Ph.D. "Male Condoms." Chapter 16 in Robert A. Hatcher, M.D., M.P.H., et.al. Contraceptive Technology (18th Revised Edition). New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 2004. [Back]

10 Accumulated condom failure rates can be calculated with the formula 1-(1-f)**n, where f equals the failure rate (0.14) and n equals the number of years. [Back]

11 United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Reference Data Book and Guide to Sources, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2006 (126th Edition) [Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office]. Table 92, "Contraceptive Use by Women, 15 to 44 Years of Age: 1995 and 2002." [Back]

12 Judy Murty and Sue Firth of the Marie Stopes Centre. "Use of Contraception By Women Seeking Termination of Pregnancy." The British Journal of Family Planning, April 27, 1996, pages 6 to 9. [Back]

13 Le Monde, May 28, 1996. [Back]

14 M. Gabbay and A. Gibbs. "Does Additional Lubrication Reduce Condom Failure?" Contraception, March 1996, pages 155 to 158. [Back]

15 "Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the Developing World: Is it Working?" Studies in Family Planning, March 2004. [Back]

16 "Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the Developing World: Is it Working?" Studies in Family Planning, March 2004; UNAIDS, UNICEF and WHO. "Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and STIs: Cambodia." 2004 Update. [Back]

17 Don Feder. "CDC Opts to Wage Its Own Trojan War." The Boston Herald, August 19, 1993; Kentucky Citizen's Digest, January/February 1993, pages 4 and 5. [Back]

18 "Evaluation of Heterosexual Partners, Children and Household Contacts of Adults With AIDS." Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), February 6, 1987. [Back]

19 Jeffrey A. Kelly and Janet S. St. Lawrence. "Cautions about Condoms in Prevention of AIDS." The Lancet (Journal of the British Medical Association). February 7, 1987, page 323. [Back]

20 By comparision, neisseria gonorrhoeae (the largest STD infectious agent) is about 1,000 nanometers in diameter; a hepatitis B surface antigen (the smallest STD infectious agent) is about 22 nanometers in diamater, and the herpes virus is about 400 nanometers in diameter. Marsha F. Goldsmith. "Sex in the Age of AIDS Calls for Common Sense and 'Condom Sense.' JAMA, May 1, 1987, pages 2,261 to 2,263 and 2,266. [Back]

21 Lauran Neergaard. "CDC: Condoms Can Block AIDS." The Philadelphia Enquirer, August 6, 1993, page E10. [Back]

22 C.M. Roland. "The Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The Technical Service Magazine for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number 3]. [Back]

23 C.M. Roland, Ph.D., Editor, Rubber Chemistry and Technology and Head of the Polymer Properties Section, Naval Research Laboratory. Letter entitled "Do You Want to Stake Your Life on a Condom?" Washington Times, April 22, 1992. [Back]

24 G.B. Davis and L.W. Shroeder. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 18, 352 (1990); C.M. Roland. "The Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The Technical Service Magazine for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number 3]. Sometimes, condom advocates say that HIV is always attached to or associated with a cell. This is not a factual allegation. HIV is definitely present in free virus form, that is, it is not associated with or attached to sperm cells or white blood cells [J.H. Mermin, M. Holodniy, D.A. Katzenstein and T.C. Merigan. "Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA and RNA in Semen by the Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 1991, pages 769 to 772]. [Back]

25 R. Schmukler and R.B. Beard, unpublished study. Described in C.M. Roland. "The Barrier Performance of Latex Rubber." RubberWorld ["The Technical Service Magazine for the Rubber Industry"], June 1993 [Volume 208, Number 3]. [Back]

26 "From the Surgeon General, US Public HealthService." Journal of the American Medical Association, June 9, 1993, page 2,840. [Back]

27 Ronald F. Carey, William A. Herman, Stephen M. Retta, Jean E. Rinaldi, Bruce A. Herman, and T. Whit Athey. "Effectiveness of Latex Condoms As a Barrier to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Sized Particles under Conditions of Simulated Use." Sexually Transmitted Diseases, July-August 1992, pages 230 to 233. The article stated that "Leakage of HIV-sized particles through latex condoms was detectable (P<0.03) for as many as 29 of the 89 condoms tested." This study used fluorescence-labeled, 110-nanometer polystyrene microspheres to model free HIV particles. [Back]

28 C.M. Roland, Ph.D., Editor, Rubber Chemistry and Technology and Head of the Polymer Properties Section, Naval Research Laboratory. Letter entitled "Do You Want to Stake Your Life on a Condom?" Washington Times, April 22, 1992. [Back]

29 Quoted in John Kelly, M.D. "Condom Failure and Transmission of HIV Infection." CMAC Bulletin, October 1992, pages 19 and 19. [Back]

30 Robert A. Hatcher, et. al. Contraceptive Technology (17th Revised Edition). New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 1998. See the Index to find discussions of the various sexually transmitted diseases. [Back]

31 United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Reference Data Book and Guide to Sources, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1999 (119th Edition) [Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office]. Table 226, "Specified Reportable Diseases -- Cases Reported: 1980 to 1997." [Back]

32 Ibid. [Back]

33 Ibid. [Back]

34 Lynda Richardson. "Condoms in School Said Not to Affect Teen-Age Sex Rate." The New York Times, September 30, 1997, pages A1 and A14. [Back]

35 W.R. Grady, M.D. Hayward, and J. Yagi. "Contraceptive Failure in the United States: Estimates From the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth." Alan Guttmacher Institute's Family Planning Perspectives, September/October 1986, page 204. [Back]

36 Jana Mazanee. "Birth Rate Soars At ColoradoSchool." USA Today, May 19, 1992, page 3A. [Back]

37 Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). "Uganda: Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases," 2000. [Back]

38 President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. What is Africa's Problem? [Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press], 2000. [Back]

39 Tom Carter. "Uganda Leads by Example on AIDS." The Washington Times, March 13, 2003. [Back]

40 Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). "AIDS Epidemic Update, December 2005." You can see this PDF report online http://www.unaids.org/epi/2005/doc/EPIupdate2005_pdf_en/epi-update2005_en.pdf. [Back]

41 Joseph Loconte. "The White House Initiative to Combat AIDS: Learning from Uganda." The Heritage Foundation's Executive Summary Backgrounder #1692, September 29, 2003. 18 pages, PDF document. http://www.heritage.org/research/africa/bg1692.cfm for the article. [Back]

42 E.C. Green, V. Nantulya, R. Stoneburner, and J. Stover. "What Happened in Uganda? Declining HIV Prevalence, Behavior Change and the National Response." United States Agency for International Development (USAID), September 2002. To see this report, http://www.usaid.gov/pop_health/aids/Countries/africa/uganda_report.pdf. [Back]

43 Ibid. [Back]

44 lobal HIV Prevention Working Group. Mobilization for HIV Prevention: A Blueprint for Action, July 2002. http://www.glf.org/nr/downloads/globalhealth/aids/HIVprevreport_final.pdf to access this report. [Back]

45 Norman Hearst and Sanny Chen. "Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the Developing World: Is It Working?" Studies in Family Planning, March 2004. [Back]

46 Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Country-by-country HIV/AIDS statistics can be accessed http://www.unaids.org/en/Regions_Countries/Countries/default.asp. [Back]

47 Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). "United States of America: Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases," 2004 Update. [Back]

48 C. Hermann, E.C. Green, J. Chin, M. Taguiwalo, and C. Cortez. "Evaluation of the Philippines AIDS Surveillance and Education Project." USAID/Philippines, May 8, 2001. [Back]

49 Poster by 'Catholics' for a Free Choice (CFFC) entitled "Abstinence Has a High Failure Rate: Good Catholics Use Condoms." Downloaded from the Web site of CFFC at http://www.condoms4life.org/images/image2.htm. [Back]

50 Some examples of this thinking from ages past;

• "Chastity cannot be a virtue because it is not a natural state" [Dr. Harry Benjamin, endocrinologist and Kinsey advocate, in the Introduction to pedophile Rene Guyon's book Sexual Ethics, 1948].
• "Our alternative solution is to be ready as educators and parents to help young people obtain sex satisfaction before marriage. By sanctioning sex before marriage, we will prevent fear and guilt. We must also relieve those who have them of their fears and guilt feelings, and we must be ready to provide young boys and girls with the best contraception measures available so they will have the necessary means to achieve sexual satisfaction without having to risk possible pregnancy. We owe this to them" [Dr. Lena Levine. "Psychosexual Development." Planned Parenthood News, Summer 1953, page 10.
• "The adolescent years are, among other things, for learning how to integrate sex usefully and creatively into daily living. Therefore, we must accept that adolescent sexual experimentation is not just inevitable, but actually necessary for normal development. ... The adolescent years are, among other things, for learning how to integrate sex usefully and creatively into daily living. Sexual experimentation is a moral and appropriate decision for adolescents ... I advocate discussion of it [sex], so young people know they have choices beginning with masturbation, of course, and petting to climax and mutual orgasm before moving on to intercourse. ... An extramarital affair that's really solid might have a very good result" [Mary Steichen Calderone, M.D., founder of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) and its President from 1964 to 1982, Medical Director of Planned Parenthood/World Population (PP/WP) from 1982 to 1993, and President of Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR). Quoted in "Woman Favors Sex Testing by Adolescents." Minneapolis Tribune, October 13, 1965, and "An Interview With Mary Calderone." Playboy Magazine, April 1970].
• "No religious views, no moral standards, are to deflect the child from the overriding purposes of self-discovery, self-assertion, and self-gratification" [Planned Parenthood Sex Education and Mental Health Report, 1979].
• "FIRST PRIZE: A Solid Gold Condom: "From using a condom you will learn/No deposit means no return." SECOND PRIZE: A Bronzed Wallet with Circular [Condom] Indentation: "Rubberizing copulation/Puts a cap on population." THIRD PRIZE: A Gross of Condoms (144) for the Night of Your Life: "When you rise ... Condomize." FINALISTS. "Twins are bad, triplets worse/Use a condom, safety first!" "Rubbers are jolly, rubbers are fun/Better to use one than end up a mum"" [Winners of the Population Institute's "Condom Couplet Contest," announced on "Condom Day," February 20, 1978. Described in the National Alliance for Optional Parenthood's "Searching for Alternatives to Teenage Pregnancy," 1980].
• "We are not going to be an organization promoting celibacy or chastity" [Faye Wattleton, former President of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), quoted in the Los Angeles Times, October 17, 1986, page V-1.
• "God knew when he made us that he has given us a built-in sex drive to go out and sow our seeds. He has given us promiscuous genes. I think it would be wrong for the church to condemn people who have followed their instincts" [Richard Holloway, the Anglican Bishop of Edinburgh, quoted in "The Edge: The Quotebag," The Oregonian, June 26, 1995, page C1.
• "The big lie is that it's easy to be monogamous, and that everybody is. If you believe that, you'd better choose well. We can't go back to the values we had because they don't exist anymore. For the most part, women are not virgins anymore, so to teach virginity doesn't work" [Carol Cassell, former Director of Education for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) and Past President of the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors and Therapists (AASECT). Family Life Educator, Fall 1987, page 19, also quoted in Focus on the Family Citizen, December 1989]. [Back]

51 Allan Parachini. "Condom Industry Seeking Limits on U.S. Study." Los Angeles Times, August 28, 1987. The article also states that "Among other things, the association [the Health Industry Manufacturers Association, which is the condom industry's trade group] has insisted to federal funding officials that the research rely solely on testing standards established by condom makers, that condom companies be allowed to supply all prophylactics to be tested, and that only products currently sold in the United States be studied ... The documents indicate that the attempt to force major modifications in the condom study was apparently motivated by industry concerns that the research might conclude that no American-made condom is currently able to consistently prevent the spread of HIV." [Back]

52 Lothrop Stoddard, Ph.D. The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921. Reprinted in 1971 by Negro Universities Press, Westport, Connecticut. Pages i, 8, 9, 90, 231, 298, 301, 302, 308, and 309 in the reprinted version. [Back]

53 "Abstinence, Condom Controversy Erupts at AIDS Meet." Reuters, July 12, 2004. [Back]

54 D. Kristof. "The Secret War on Condoms," available http://www.valleyskeptic.com/bush_condoms.html. [Back]

55 "Abstinence Row Overshadows AIDS Day." Daily Dispatch (South Africa), November 30, 2004. [Back]

56 "World AIDS Day: Condom Restrictions Cost Lives." Human Rights Watch. [Back]

57 "Ugandan Anti-AIDS Activist Demands UN Fire Lewis For Pushing Condoms." LifeSite Daily News at http://www.lifesite.net, September 7, 2005. [Back]

58 "Mandela, Clinton Close Barcelona Conference, Urging More Action." UNWire, July 12, 2002, available http://www.unwire.org/unwire/20020712/27624_story.asp. [Back]

59 Edward C. Green, quoted in The Boston Globe and in "United Nations Report Says Condoms Fail to Protect Against AIDS 10% of the Time."http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2003/jun/030623.html LifeSite Daily News, June 23, 2003. [Back]

60 Letter entitled "Sound Medical Advice," by William V. Fitzsimmons, M.D. Fidelity Magazine, April 1987, pages 11 and 12. [Back]

61 Don Feder. "CDC Opts to Wage Its Own Trojan War." The Boston Herald, August 19, 1993; Kentucky Citizen's Digest, January/February 1993, pages 4 and 5. [Back]

62 Susan Weller, associate professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galvestion, quoted in Jo Ann Zuniga. "Study: Condoms Don't Eliminate Spread of HIV." The San Juan Star, June 18, 1993. [Back]

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Recommended Reading on Condoms.

(1) [In]effectiveness of Condoms.

• Joel Mclhaney, M.D., Medical Institute for Sexual Health [MISH]. "Condom Effectiveness." This is probably the best summary of studies on the ineffectiveness of the latex condom that exists on the Internet today. http://www.prolife.org.ph/article/view/538/1/88 for the article.
• American Life League (ALL). "The Flawed Condom." 2002, 4 pages. An excellent and short summary of the critical issues surrounding condom use -- failure rates, permeability, and efforts to coverup the high failure rate of the condom. http://www.all.org/issues/se04.htm for the article.
• The Culture of Life Foundation & Institute. "Condom Effectiveness Summary." A very good overview of the issues surrounding the ineffectiveness of condoms. http://www.altheal.org/overview/condoms.htm for the article.
• Medical Institute for Sexual Health [MISH]. "Frequently Asked Questions." A superb summary of all of the issues surrounding the STDs epidemics, including the impact of teen sexual activity, the ineffectiveness of condoms, and the types and frequencies of STDs. http://www.medinstitute.org/health/questions_answers.html#listitem1766-7467 for the questions.
• Jane Jiminez. "All the Condoms in the World." Agape Press, February 16, 2004. A thoughtful essay on the only realistic method to stop the AIDS epidemic -- chastity! http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/2/162005jj.asp for the article.
• Jane Jiminez. "Condoms: Context Counts." Agape Press, January 11, 2005. When considering how "effective" condoms are, remember that tests are carried out in sterile and perfect laboratory conditions, not in messy, uncontrolled, disease-saturated real-life conditions. In other words, the actual failure rate of condoms is much higher than they tell you. http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/1/112005jj.asp for the article.

(2) Catholic Church Teachings on Condoms.

• Alfonso Cardinal Lopez Trujillo, President of the Pontifical Council for the Family. "Family Values Versus Safe Sex." December 1, 2003. This is the best and most complete summary of the Church's teachings on all issues surrounding the condom debate, to include condom failure, the morality of AIDS sufferers using condoms, the right to truly complete information on condoms, and the need to rediscover responsible sexual behavior. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/family/documents/rc_pc_family_doc_20031201_family-values-safe-sex-trujillo_en.html for the essay.
• Monsignor Jacques Suaudeau, M.D. "Stopping the Spread of HIV/AIDS." A wonderful essay that addresses the Church's caring for AIDS patients from the very beginning of the epidemic, the fact that the family alone, if properly configured, prevents STDs, and that condoms will add to the problem, not detract from it. http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=2946 for the article.
• Michael Cook. "Was Karol Wojtyla the Greatest Mass Murderer of the 20th Century?" Tech Central Station, June 10, 2005. A wonderful summary of the ridiculous charges made against Pope John Paul II because he would not condone the use of condoms, and a coherent and succinct reply to these charges. Especially riveting is the proven fact that AIDS incidence is inversely proportional to the number of Catholics in African countries. http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=061005D for the article.
• "What Does the Church Teach About Birth Control?" Couple to Couple League International (CCLI), 1981. This is a concise and complete summary of the teachings of the Catholic Church about all methods of birth control, both contraceptive and abortifacient. http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARRIAGE/CCLBC.TXT for the article.
• "Vatican Message for the World Day Against AIDS." December 1, 2005. A concise summary of Catholic teachings about AIDS. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/hlthwork/documents/rc_pc_hlthwork_doc_20051201_giornata-aids_en.html for the message.
• Amin Abboud. "Letter: Searching for Papal Scapegoats is Pointless." British Medical Journal, July 30, 2005, page 294. A doctor mounts a strong defense of the teachings of Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XIV. http://www.bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/extract/331/7511/294 for the article.
• Hilary White. "South African Bishop Calls for Catholic "Theology" of Condoms for AIDS." LifeSite Daily News, November 15, 2005. Renegade bishop Kevin Dowling of the Rustenberg Diocese condemns Catholic teaching on the sanctity of marriage and sexual self-control as "death-dealing," but, like all other condom pushers, his statements are wildly inconsistent and illogical. http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/nov/05111507.html for the article.
• "Condom Conundrums: Evidence Shows Wisdom of Catholic Doctrine." ZENIT News Service, September 24, 2005. 3 pages, PDF document. This is an excellent summary of the issues surrounding condom distribution in Uganda, including the fact that men given condoms immediately began to have more sexual partners. http://www.zenit.org for the article.
• "Doubts About Condoms: Science Questioning Their Efficacy in Halting HIV/AIDS." Zenit News Service, June 26, 2004. Medical journals show the wisdom of Catholic teaching regarding condoms, abstinence and AIDS. http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=55945 for the article.

(3) Africa and AIDS.

• Joseph Loconte. "The White House Initiative to Combat AIDS: Learning from Uganda." The Heritage Foundation's Executive Summary Backgrounder #1692, September 29, 2003. 18 pages, PDF document. This is the most complete description of all of the details of Uganda's ABC program, and is a must-read for all who are concerned about the African AIDS epidemic. http://www.heritage.org/research/africa/bg1692.cfm for the article.
• Douglas Sylva. "Sacrificing Humans to the Condom Gods." TheFactIs.org, 2005. An excellent summary of myths generated by population controllers and condom pushers in Uganda. These include the myth that condoms were responsible for the Ugandan success in reducing AIDS, that religion has no place in this situation, and that women must be freed from marriage even more than they must be freed from prostitition. http://www.thefactis.org/default.aspx?control=ArticleMaster&aid=1076 for the article.
• Erin Curry. "USAID Accused of Human Rights Abuse for Burying Harvard Prof's Abstinence Research." Baptist Press at http://www.bpnews.net, February 15, 2005. Liberal secularist and Harvard professor Edward Green wrote a report for USAID showing that condoms are ineffective at stopping the spread of AIDS in Africa. So USAID suppressed the results of Green's study, and, in fact, hired a well-known condom advocate to redo the study in order to arrive at the results the organization wanted — i.e., that condoms are necessary to stop AIDS. http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/bpnews.asp?ID=20146 for the article.
• Testimony of Edward C. Green, PhD, Senior Research Scientist, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Before the African Subcommittee of the United States Senate, May 19, 2003. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/hcpds/documents/Senate%20Testimony%20rev2.pdf for Dr. Green's testimony.
• Michael Carter. "Uganda's Success Against HIV Due to Abstinence, Behaviour Change and Community, not Condoms." AIDSMap News, April 30, 2004. http://www.aidsmap.com/en/news/ED007047-0E93-4964-9FBA-AA887D42817E.asp for the article.
• Chuck Colson. "Much-Needed Honesty: Africa and AIDS." BreakPoint, July 7, 2005. An essay on human nature, condoms and AIDS in Mozambique. http://www.pfm.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=BreakPoint1&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=16301 for the article.
• Michael Cook. "This Should Have Been Anthropology 101:" Quiet Breakthroughs in Africa's War on AIDS." ÊTech Central Station. December 27, 2004. This is a superb summary of the Ugandan ABC program and its history. Highly recommended. http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=122704X for the article.
• Steve Jordahl. "Ugandan Abstinence Too Successful, Say Some." Family News in Focus [Focus on the Family]. August 2, 2005. Pro-condom activists make the idiotic allegation that abstinence in Uganda is so successful that there will soon be a population crash. http://www.family.org/cforum/fnif/news/a0037411.cfm for the article.
• "Ugandan Anti-AIDS Activist Demands UN Fire Lewis For Pushing Condoms." LifeSite Daily News at http://www.lifesite.net, September 7, 2005. http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/sep/050907.html for the article.
• Kerry L. Marsala. "Pass the Condoms and Let's Forget Ideology." July 19, 2004. Despite the name of the article, it is a superb defense of President Museveni of Uganda and the Bush Administration's emphasis on AIDS prevention by abstinence and faithfulness. http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0704/0704condoms.htm for the article.
• Candi Cushman. "A Republican Sex Scandal." Citizen Magazine [Focus on the Family], January 2006. How Republican senators and pro-abortion groups are attempting to undermine President Bush's abstinence-based anti-AIDS programs, in Uganda and elsewhere. http://www.family.org/cforum/citizenmag/features/a0039005.cfm for the article.
• Address by Her Excellency Janet K. Museveni, First Lady of the Republic of Uganda. "Common Ground: A Shared Vision for Health." Conference hosted by The Medical Institute for Sexual Health [MISH], Washington, DC, June 17- 19, 2004. http://www.medinstitute.org/includes/downloads/museveni.pdf for the address.
• Mary Rettig. "AIDS Researcher: European and U.N. Anti-Abstinence Bias Will Cost Lives." Agape Press, December 13, 2005. http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/12/132005a.asp for the article.
• "UN Program Rejects Abstinence Group for Criticizing Condoms." Friday FAX (Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute (C-FAM)), September 1, 2005 [Volume 8, Number 37]. Nigeria's Action Family Foundation was denied admittance to a United Nations volunteer program. One of the criteria for admittance is that organizations must not be critical of any aspect of the ABC program. But, of course, the U.N. readily admits to the program groups that are highly critical of abstinence. http://www.c-fam.org/FAX/Volume_8/faxv8n37.html for the article.

(4) Population Control and Condoms.

• Joseph A. D'Agostino. "UNAIDS and UNFPA Want More of the Same for Asia." Population Research Institute's Weekly Briefing, July 28, 2005 [Volume 7, Number 29]. Population control groups, instead of spreading effective programs from Uganda and the Philippines, want to impose ineffective programs of sex education and condoms on these nations. http://www.pop.org/main.cfm?id=243&r1=2.00&r2=1.50&r3=0.04&r4=0.00&level=3&eid=841 for the article.
• "United Nations's Cartoon Condoms: Global Body Unveils Shaft, Stretch and Dick in TV Ads Pushing AIDS Prevention Message." WorldNetDaily, January 13, 2005. In its relentless push of programs that have proven to be ineffective, the United Nations puts together twenty obscene public service announcements featuring three animated condoms. http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=42353 for the article.
• James K. Glassman. "The Phony Abstinence Complaint." Tech Central Station. August 20, 2004. Celebrities at the July 2004 Bangkok conference on AIDS condemn the United States for not pushing condoms more. http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=082004G for the article.

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